{"id":2326,"date":"2026-07-29T10:52:21","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T07:52:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-10-09T11:34:15","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T08:34:15","slug":"3d-concrete-printing-design-guide","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"3D concrete printing design guide"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2326\" class=\"elementor elementor-2326 elementor-542\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4f7645 e-con e-atomic-element e-div-block-base e-default-div e-c4f7645-e4dd7b6 \" data-id=\"c4f7645\" data-element_type=\"e-div-block\" data-e-type=\"e-div-block\" data-interaction-id=\"c4f7645\" data-e-type=\"e-div-block\" data-id=\"c4f7645\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f61546e elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"f61546e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><div class=\"pb-lines\" data-dir=\"h\" data-from=\"\" data-steps=\"\" data-start=\"top\" data-mode=\"pulse\" data-delay=\"0\" data-duration=\"4000\" style=\"--pb-size:12px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-424976b e-con e-atomic-element e-div-block-base e-default-div e-424976b-36628ec \" data-id=\"424976b\" data-element_type=\"e-div-block\" data-e-type=\"e-div-block\" data-interaction-id=\"424976b\" data-e-type=\"e-div-block\" data-id=\"424976b\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc55ba0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"cc55ba0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/use.typekit.net\/krm2zsx.css\">\r\n<style>\r\n.db-guide{\r\n  --db-blue:#2132E5;\r\n  --db-line:#CAD5FF;\r\n  --db-ink:#090909;\r\n  --db-muted:#55575D;\r\n  --db-soft:#F4F7FF;\r\n  --db-font:gopher,\"Trebuchet MS\",Arial,sans-serif;\r\n  --db-offset:120px;\r\n  font-family:var(--db-font);\r\n  font-size:18px;\r\n  line-height:1.52;\r\n  color:var(--db-ink);\r\n  background:#fffff\r\n  margin:0 auto;\r\n}\r\n.db-guide *,.db-guide *::before,.db-guide *::after{box-sizing:border-box}\r\n.db-guide p{margin:0 0 16px;max-width:100%}\r\n.db-guide strong{font-weight:700}\r\n.db-guide a{color:var(--db-blue)}\r\n\r\n.db-guide h1{\r\n  margin:0 0 30px;max-width:100%;\r\n  font-family:var(--db-font);font-weight:600;font-size:50px;\r\n  line-height:1.06;letter-spacing:-.03em;\r\n}\r\n.db-guide h2{\r\n  margin:0 0 30px;\r\n  font-family:var(--db-font);font-weight:600;font-size:39px;\r\n  line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-.025em;\r\n}\r\n.db-guide h3{\r\n  max-width:100%;margin:42px 0 16px;padding-top:16px;\r\n  border-top:1px solid var(--db-blue);\r\n  font-family:var(--db-font);font-weight:600;font-size:25px;\r\n  line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.01em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.db-intro{max-width:100%;padding-bottom:56px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--db-line)}\r\n.db-toc{\r\n  margin:40px auto 8px;padding:22px 26px 8px;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--db-line);border-radius:16px;background:var(--db-soft);\r\n}\r\n.db-toc__bar{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px}\r\n.db-toc__eyebrow{\r\n  margin:0;color:var(--db-blue);font-size:12px;font-weight:700;\r\n  letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;\r\n}\r\n.db-toc__toggle{\r\n  display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:6px 12px;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--db-line);border-radius:999px;background:#fff;\r\n  color:var(--db-muted);font-family:inherit;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.06em;\r\n  text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;\r\n}\r\n.db-toc__toggle:hover{border-color:var(--db-blue);color:var(--db-blue)}\r\n.db-toc__chev{\r\n  width:7px;height:7px;border-right:1.5px solid currentColor;border-bottom:1.5px solid currentColor;\r\n  transform:rotate(45deg) translate(-2px,-2px);transition:transform .2s ease;\r\n}\r\n.db-toc[data-open=\"false\"] .db-toc__chev{transform:rotate(-135deg) translate(-1px,-1px)}\r\n.db-toc[data-open=\"false\"] .db-toc__list{display:none}\r\n.db-toc[data-open=\"false\"]{padding-bottom:22px}\r\n\r\n.db-toc__list{\r\n  display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:0 26px;\r\n  margin:16px 0 0;padding:0;list-style:none;\r\n}\r\n.db-toc__link{\r\n  display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:baseline;\r\n  padding:9px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--db-line);\r\n  color:var(--db-ink);font-size:16px;line-height:1.3;text-decoration:none;\r\n  transition:color .15s ease;\r\n}\r\n.db-toc__link:hover{color:var(--db-blue)}\r\n.db-toc__nr{\r\n  flex:0 0 auto;min-width:24px;\r\n  color:var(--db-blue);font-size:13px;font-weight:700;\r\n  font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:.04em;\r\n}\r\n.db-toc__link[aria-current=\"true\"]{color:var(--db-blue);font-weight:700}\r\n.db-toc__link[aria-current=\"true\"] .db-toc__txt{box-shadow:inset 0 -2px 0 var(--db-blue)}\r\n\r\n.db-section{padding:64px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--db-line);scroll-margin-top:var(--db-offset)}\r\n.db-section > h2{position:relative}\r\n.db-section > h2::before{\r\n  content:attr(data-nr);display:block;margin-bottom:10px;\r\n  color:var(--db-blue);font-size:13px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em;\r\n}\r\n.db-section:last-child{border-bottom:0}\r\n\r\n.db-figs{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px;margin-top:42px}\r\n.db-fig{margin:0;overflow:hidden;border:1px solid var(--db-line);border-radius:16px;background:#fff}\r\n.db-fig svg{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}\r\n.db-fig figcaption{\r\n  padding:11px 16px 12px;border-top:1px solid var(--db-line);\r\n  color:var(--db-muted);font-size:12px;font-style:normal;\r\n  letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.db-table{width:100%;margin:30px 0;padding:18px 26px;overflow:hidden;border:1px solid var(--db-line);border-radius:16px}\r\n.db-table table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:16px}\r\n.db-table th,.db-table td{padding:14px 10px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid var(--db-line)}\r\n.db-table thead th{color:var(--db-blue);font-size:19px;font-weight:600}\r\n.db-table tbody th{width:30%;font-weight:600}\r\n.db-table tbody tr:last-child > *{border-bottom:0!important}\r\n\r\n.db-top{\r\n  position:fixed;right:22px;bottom:22px;z-index:60;\r\n  display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;\r\n  padding:11px 18px;border:0;border-radius:999px;background:var(--db-blue);\r\n  color:#fff;font-family:var(--db-font);font-size:12px;font-weight:700;\r\n  letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;\r\n  opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transform:translateY(10px);\r\n  transition:opacity .2s ease,transform .2s ease,visibility .2s;\r\n}\r\n.db-top[data-show=\"true\"]{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transform:none}\r\n.db-top:hover{background:#1526C2}\r\n\r\n.db-guide .db-svg text{font-family:var(--db-font);fill:#090909}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .title{font-size:44px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.5px}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .subtitle{font-size:22px;font-weight:500;fill:#4B4D54}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .label{font-size:27px;font-weight:700}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .panel-title{font-size:22px;font-weight:700}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .small{font-size:20px;font-weight:500;fill:#4B4D54}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .tiny{font-size:17px;font-weight:500;fill:#4B4D54}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .dim{font-size:22px;font-weight:700;fill:#2132E5}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .badge-text{font-size:21px;font-weight:800;fill:#fff}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .panel{fill:#fff;stroke:#CAD5FF;stroke-width:1.5}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .paper-fill{fill:#fff}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .concrete-fill{fill:#D7D7D1}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .blue-soft-fill{fill:#EAF0FF}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .blue-fill{fill:#2132E5}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .ink-fill{fill:#090909}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .ink-line,.db-guide .db-svg .concrete-line,.db-guide .db-svg .accent-line,\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .hairline,.db-guide .db-svg .dimension,.db-guide .db-svg .dash-line{fill:none;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .ink-line{stroke:#090909;stroke-width:3}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .concrete-line{stroke:#83847F;stroke-width:3}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .accent-line{stroke:#2132E5;stroke-width:4}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .hairline{stroke:#CAD5FF;stroke-width:2}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .dimension{stroke:#2132E5;stroke-width:2}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .dash-line{stroke:#2132E5;stroke-width:2;stroke-dasharray:14 13}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .concrete-wide{fill:none;stroke:#D7D7D1;stroke-width:76;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .blue-stroke{stroke:#2132E5;stroke-width:2}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .white-stroke{stroke:#fff;stroke-width:4}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .blue-soft-outline{fill:none;stroke:#CAD5FF;stroke-width:18}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg .anim{animation-play-state:paused!important;transform-box:fill-box;transform-origin:center}\r\n.db-guide .db-svg.is-running .anim{animation-play-state:running!important}\r\n  .db-guide .db-svg .a-01_work_area_envelope-1{animation:k-01_work_area_envelope-1 4s ease-in-out infinite}@keyframes k-01_work_area_envelope-1{0%,100%{transform:translateX(-300px)}50%{transform:translateX(300px)}}\r\n  .db-guide .db-svg .a-09_layer_offset_overhang-1{animation:k-09_layer_offset_overhang-1 3.2s ease-in-out infinite}@keyframes k-09_layer_offset_overhang-1{0%,100%{transform:translateX(-28px)}50%{transform:translateX(28px)}}\r\n    .db-guide .db-svg .a-16_closed_print_path-1{offset-path:path('M530 480 C530 370 610 340 720 340 H880 C990 340 1070 370 1070 480 V530 C1070 640 990 670 880 670 H720 C610 670 530 640 530 530 Z');animation:k-16_closed_print_path-1 6s linear infinite}@keyframes k-16_closed_print_path-1{to{offset-distance:100%}}\r\n  .db-guide .db-svg .a-17_open_reversing_path-1{offset-path:path('M360 650 C520 300 970 260 1240 520');animation:k-17_open_reversing_path-1 5s ease-in-out infinite}@keyframes k-17_open_reversing_path-1{0%,100%{offset-distance:0%}50%{offset-distance:100%}}\r\n  .db-guide .db-svg .a-12_long_wall_instability-1{animation:k-12_long_wall_instability-1 2.8s ease-in-out infinite;transform-origin:center}@keyframes k-12_long_wall_instability-1{0%,100%{transform:skewX(-1.5deg)}50%{transform:skewX(1.5deg)}}\r\n    .db-guide .db-svg .a-18_overlapping_paths-1{stroke-dasharray:1100;animation:k-18_overlapping_paths-1 4s ease-in-out infinite}@keyframes k-18_overlapping_paths-1{0%{stroke-dashoffset:1100}45%,100%{stroke-dashoffset:0}}\r\n  .db-guide .db-svg .a-18_overlapping_paths-2{stroke-dasharray:390;animation:k-18_overlapping_paths-2 4s ease-in-out infinite}@keyframes k-18_overlapping_paths-2{0%,40%{stroke-dashoffset:390}85%,100%{stroke-dashoffset:0}}\r\n  .db-guide .db-svg .a-14_rapid_height_growth_failure-1{animation:k-14_rapid_height_growth_failure-1 2.4s ease-in-out infinite;transform-origin:center bottom}@keyframes k-14_rapid_height_growth_failure-1{0%,100%{transform:scaleX(1)}55%{transform:scaleX(1.18)}}\r\n  .db-guide .db-svg .a-22_horizontal_layers-1{animation:k-22_horizontal_layers-1 3s steps(6,end) infinite}@keyframes k-22_horizontal_layers-1{0%{clip-path:inset(100% 0 0 0)}85%,100%{clip-path:inset(0 0 0 0)}}\r\n  .db-guide .db-svg .a-23_stepped_slope-1{offset-path:path('M360 650 H490 V590 H620 V530 H750 V470 H880 V410 H1010 V350 H1140 V350');animation:k-23_stepped_slope-1 5s linear infinite}@keyframes k-23_stepped_slope-1{to{offset-distance:100%}}\r\n  .db-guide .db-svg .a-31_segmented_object_joints-1{animation:k-31_segmented_object_joints-1 4s ease-in-out infinite}@keyframes k-31_segmented_object_joints-1{0%,100%{transform:translateX(-90px)}55%{transform:translateX(0)}}.a-31_segmented_object_joints-2{animation:k-31_segmented_object_joints-2 4s ease-in-out infinite}@keyframes k-31_segmented_object_joints-2{0%,100%{transform:translateX(90px)}55%{transform:translateX(0)}}\r\n  .db-guide .db-svg .a-36_quote_suitability_flow-1{animation:k-36_quote_suitability_flow-1 5s ease-in-out infinite}@keyframes k-36_quote_suitability_flow-1{0%,8%{transform:translateX(0)}30%{transform:translateX(340px)}55%{transform:translateX(680px)}80%,100%{transform:translateX(1020px)}}\r\n@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.db-guide .db-svg .anim{display:none!important}}\r\n\r\n@media(max-width:1024px){\r\n  .db-toc__list{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}\r\n}\r\n@media(max-width:640px){\r\n  .db-guide{font-size:16px;--db-offset:90px}\r\n  .db-guide h1{font-size:36px}\r\n  .db-guide h2{font-size:28px}\r\n  .db-guide h3{font-size:21px}\r\n  .db-intro{padding-bottom:40px}\r\n  .db-section{padding:46px 0}\r\n  .db-toc{padding:18px 18px 6px}\r\n  .db-toc__list{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0}\r\n  .db-fig{border-radius:11px}\r\n  .db-table{padding:8px 14px}\r\n  .db-table table{font-size:15px}\r\n  .db-table thead{display:none}\r\n  .db-table tbody,.db-table tr,.db-table th,.db-table td{display:block;width:100%}\r\n  .db-table tbody tr{padding:12px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--db-line)}\r\n  .db-table tbody tr:last-child{border:0}\r\n  .db-table tbody th,.db-table tbody td{padding:0;border:0}\r\n  .db-table tbody th{margin-bottom:4px;color:var(--db-blue)}\r\n  .db-top{right:14px;bottom:14px;padding:10px 15px}\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media print{\r\n  .db-toc__toggle,.db-top{display:none!important}\r\n  .db-section,.db-fig,.db-table{break-inside:avoid}\r\n}\r\n\/* Tabel: eemalda teema \u00e4\u00e4rejooned, j\u00e4ta ainult helesinine kast *\/\r\n.db-guide .db-table table{margin:0;border:0!important;border-collapse:collapse;background:transparent}\r\n.db-guide .db-table thead,\r\n.db-guide .db-table tbody,\r\n.db-guide .db-table tr{border:0!important;background:transparent}\r\n.db-guide .db-table th,\r\n.db-guide .db-table td{border:0!important;border-bottom:1px solid var(--db-line)!important;background:transparent}\r\n.db-guide .db-table tbody tr:last-child > *{border-bottom:0!important}\r\n@media(max-width:640px){\r\n  .db-guide .db-table th,\r\n  .db-guide .db-table td{border-bottom:0!important}\r\n  .db-guide .db-table tbody tr{border-bottom:1px solid var(--db-line)!important}\r\n  .db-guide .db-table tbody tr:last-child{border-bottom:0!important}\r\n}\r\n\/* Sisukord: sinised lingid, hoveril allajoon *\/\r\n.db-guide .db-toc__link,\r\n.db-guide .db-toc__link:visited,\r\n.db-guide .db-toc__link:hover,\r\n.db-guide .db-toc__link:focus-visible{\r\n  color:var(--db-blue)!important;\r\n  text-decoration:none!important;\r\n  box-shadow:none!important;\r\n}\r\n.db-guide .db-toc__link .db-toc__nr{\r\n  color:var(--db-blue)!important;\r\n}\r\n.db-guide .db-toc__link .db-toc__txt{\r\n  text-decoration:underline;\r\n  text-decoration-color:transparent;\r\n  text-decoration-thickness:1.5px;\r\n  text-underline-offset:4px;\r\n  transition:text-decoration-color .15s ease;\r\n}\r\n.db-guide .db-toc__link:hover .db-toc__txt,\r\n.db-guide .db-toc__link:focus-visible .db-toc__txt{\r\n  text-decoration-color:var(--db-blue);\r\n}\r\n\/* Aktiivne peat\u00fckk: paks kiri *\/\r\n.db-guide .db-toc__link[aria-current=\"true\"]{\r\n  font-weight:400;\r\n}\r\n.db-guide .db-toc__link[aria-current=\"true\"] .db-toc__txt{\r\n  box-shadow:none;\r\n}\r\n\/* Sisukord: j\u00e4rjestus \u00fclevalt alla, 3 tulpa *\/\r\n.db-guide .db-toc__list{\r\n  grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);\r\n  grid-template-rows:repeat(5,auto);\r\n  grid-auto-flow:column;\r\n}\r\n@media(max-width:1024px){\r\n  .db-guide .db-toc__list{\r\n    grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);\r\n    grid-template-rows:repeat(8,auto);\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n@media(max-width:640px){\r\n  .db-guide .db-toc__list{\r\n    grid-template-columns:1fr;\r\n    grid-template-rows:none;\r\n    grid-auto-flow:row;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\/* Joonised mobiilis: paneelid eraldi, laiad libistatavad *\/\r\n.db-fig__m{display:none}\r\n@media(max-width:900px){\r\n  .db-fig > svg.db-svg{display:none}\r\n  .db-fig__m{display:grid;gap:14px;padding:14px}\r\n  .db-fig__scroll{\r\n    overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;\r\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;overscroll-behavior-x:contain;\r\n    border-radius:12px;\r\n  }\r\n  .db-fig__scroll svg{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}\r\n  .db-fig__hint{\r\n    margin:0 0 -6px;color:var(--db-muted);\r\n    font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.04em;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\/* Mobiili sisemine vahe *\/\r\n@media(max-width:767px){\r\n  .db-guide{\r\n    padding:6% !important;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"db-guide\" id=\"db-guide\">\r\n\r\n  <header class=\"db-intro\"><h1>3D concrete printing guide<\/h1><p>3D concrete printing makes it possible to produce free-form objects with a unique design without conventional formwork. The printer lays down the concrete mix layer by layer along a digitally prepared toolpath.<\/p><p>The technology is particularly well suited to producing curved, wavy, repetitive and parametric forms. However, the layered production method places some practical limitations on the object. The following recommendations will help you design a solution that can be printed, transported and installed reliably.<\/p><p>Our team checks every model before production and prepares the final toolpath on that basis.<\/p><\/header>\r\n\r\n  <nav class=\"db-toc\" id=\"db-toc\" aria-label=\"Contents\">\r\n    <div class=\"db-toc__bar\">\r\n      <p class=\"db-toc__eyebrow\">Contents<\/p>\r\n      <button type=\"button\" class=\"db-toc__toggle\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"db-toc-list\">\r\n        <span class=\"db-toc__toggle-txt\">Hide<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__chev\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\r\n      <\/button>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <ol class=\"db-toc__list\" id=\"db-toc-list\">\r\n      <li><a class=\"db-toc__link\" href=\"#db-01-object-dimensions\"><span class=\"db-toc__nr\">01<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__txt\">Object dimensions<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n      <li><a class=\"db-toc__link\" href=\"#db-02-slopes-and-overhangs\"><span class=\"db-toc__nr\">02<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__txt\">Slopes and overhangs<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n      <li><a class=\"db-toc__link\" href=\"#db-03-toolpath\"><span class=\"db-toc__nr\">03<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__txt\">Toolpath<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n      <li><a class=\"db-toc__link\" href=\"#db-04-height-growing-too-fast\"><span class=\"db-toc__nr\">04<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__txt\">Object growing too fast in height<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n      <li><a class=\"db-toc__link\" href=\"#db-05-corners-and-shape-changes\"><span class=\"db-toc__nr\">05<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__txt\">Corners and changes in shape<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n      <li><a class=\"db-toc__link\" href=\"#db-06-printing-methods\"><span class=\"db-toc__nr\">06<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__txt\">Printing methods<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n      <li><a class=\"db-toc__link\" href=\"#db-07-internal-wall-structure\"><span class=\"db-toc__nr\">07<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__txt\">Internal wall structure<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n      <li><a class=\"db-toc__link\" href=\"#db-08-openings-and-fixings\"><span class=\"db-toc__nr\">08<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__txt\">Openings and fixings<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n      <li><a class=\"db-toc__link\" href=\"#db-09-base-and-top\"><span class=\"db-toc__nr\">09<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__txt\">Base and top<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n      <li><a class=\"db-toc__link\" href=\"#db-10-accuracy-and-surface-quality\"><span class=\"db-toc__nr\">10<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__txt\">Accuracy and surface quality<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n      <li><a class=\"db-toc__link\" href=\"#db-11-dividing-into-parts\"><span class=\"db-toc__nr\">11<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__txt\">Dividing the object into parts<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n      <li><a class=\"db-toc__link\" href=\"#db-12-technical-data\"><span class=\"db-toc__nr\">12<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__txt\">Technical data<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n      <li><a class=\"db-toc__link\" href=\"#db-13-which-files-to-send\"><span class=\"db-toc__nr\">13<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__txt\">Which files to send?<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n      <li><a class=\"db-toc__link\" href=\"#db-14-what-to-include-in-a-quote-request\"><span class=\"db-toc__nr\">14<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__txt\">What to include in a quote request?<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n      <li><a class=\"db-toc__link\" href=\"#db-15-is-your-idea-suitable\"><span class=\"db-toc__nr\">15<\/span><span class=\"db-toc__txt\">Is your idea suitable for 3D concrete printing?<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n    <\/ol>\r\n  <\/nav>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"db-section\" id=\"db-01-object-dimensions\"><h2 data-nr=\"01\">Object dimensions<\/h2><h3>Print area<\/h3><p>Our printer's work area is <strong>7000 mm long and 3000 mm wide<\/strong>.<\/p><p>The maximum print height is not the same across the entire work area. The height limit varies along the length of the work area from approximately <strong>300 millimetres to 1000 millimetres<\/strong>. The exact permitted height depends on the object's position in the printer's work area and is shown in the work area drawing.<\/p><p>A long object may therefore not fit within the maximum height limits along its entire length. The final placement is always checked against the work area drawing and the 3D model.<\/p><p>The object must fit entirely within the permitted working space. In addition to the object's dimensions, the clearance needed for the movement of the print head, nozzle and other machine parts must be taken into account.<\/p><h3>Maximum printable object<\/h3><p>The size of an object made in one piece is not determined by the printer's work area alone. The object's weight, centre of gravity, lifting, transport and installation site must also be taken into account.<\/p><p>A very long, tall or narrow object may be printable but difficult to move after setting. An object with a complex shape may need extra space for lifting slings, a forklift or other lifting equipment.<\/p><p>Larger objects can be produced as several separate elements. The parts are printed separately and joined after setting. Dividing into parts can also make sense for a smaller object if it simplifies transport, installation or the later replacement of individual components.<\/p><p>A good joint location is, where possible, visually concealed, does not weaken the object and allows the parts to be fitted together precisely.<\/p><h3>Bead dimensions<\/h3><p>The printer typically lays down the material as a <strong>bead 35\u201355 mm wide<\/strong>. The height of one layer is approximately <strong>8\u201315 mm<\/strong>.<\/p><p>The exact dimensions are chosen according to the object's shape, size, material, printing speed and desired surface appearance. A lower layer reproduces the shape more accurately but increases the printing time. A wider bead produces a more solid wall but reduces the accuracy of small details.<\/p><p>The smallest practical wall thickness generally corresponds to at least the width of one bead. For a single-bead wall, allow for a thickness of approximately <strong>35\u201355 mm<\/strong>. A thicker wall can be formed from several beads running side by side, an internal support structure or a cavity filled later.<\/p><p>Details smaller than the bead cannot be reproduced reliably. Very fine edges, narrow ribs, small recesses and thin peaks may disappear, deform or become rounded during printing.<\/p><p>The layers usually remain visible on a printed surface. This is the natural appearance of 3D-printed concrete, not a production defect.<\/p><div class=\"db-figs\"><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Object limits\"><svg data-file=\"01_work_area_envelope.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"01_work_area_envelope-title 01_work_area_envelope-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"01_work_area_envelope-title\">Printer working space<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"01_work_area_envelope-desc\">The object and the print head must stay within the permitted working space<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Printer working space<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">The object and the print head must stay within the permitted working space<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"1440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">7000 \u00d7 3000 mm work area<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><line x1=\"330\" y1=\"310\" x2=\"1270\" y2=\"310\" class=\"dimension\"\/><line x1=\"330\" y1=\"300\" x2=\"330\" y2=\"320\" class=\"dimension\"\/><line x1=\"1270\" y1=\"300\" x2=\"1270\" y2=\"320\" class=\"dimension\"\/><rect x=\"735\" y=\"296\" width=\"130\" height=\"28\" class=\"paper-fill\"\/><text x=\"800\" y=\"318\" class=\"dim\" text-anchor=\"middle\">7000 mm<\/text><line x1=\"300\" y1=\"340\" x2=\"300\" y2=\"743\" class=\"dimension\"\/><line x1=\"290\" y1=\"340\" x2=\"310\" y2=\"340\" class=\"dimension\"\/><line x1=\"290\" y1=\"743\" x2=\"310\" y2=\"743\" class=\"dimension\"\/><rect x=\"286\" y=\"481\" width=\"28\" height=\"120\" class=\"paper-fill\"\/><text transform=\"translate(308 541) rotate(-90)\" class=\"dim\" text-anchor=\"middle\">3000 mm<\/text><rect x=\"330\" y=\"340\" width=\"940\" height=\"403\" rx=\"18\" class=\"blue-soft-fill\"\/><rect x=\"362\" y=\"372\" width=\"876\" height=\"339\" rx=\"10\" class=\"paper-fill\"\/><rect x=\"362\" y=\"372\" width=\"876\" height=\"339\" rx=\"10\" class=\"dash-line\"\/><rect x=\"430\" y=\"455\" width=\"380\" height=\"160\" rx=\"60\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><text x=\"620\" y=\"542\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"middle\">object<\/text><g class=\"anim a-01_work_area_envelope-1\"><rect x=\"794\" y=\"340\" width=\"12\" height=\"403\" class=\"blue-fill\" opacity=\".85\"\/><rect x=\"782\" y=\"330\" width=\"36\" height=\"18\" rx=\"5\" class=\"ink-fill\"\/><rect x=\"782\" y=\"735\" width=\"36\" height=\"18\" rx=\"5\" class=\"ink-fill\"\/><rect x=\"780\" y=\"515\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" rx=\"10\" class=\"blue-fill white-stroke\"\/><\/g><rect x=\"505\" y=\"762\" width=\"28\" height=\"18\" rx=\"4\" class=\"blue-soft-fill blue-stroke\"\/><text x=\"543\" y=\"777\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\">clearance<\/text><path d=\"M715 771 H755\" class=\"dash-line\"\/><text x=\"765\" y=\"777\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\">permitted work area<\/text><rect x=\"955\" y=\"761\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" rx=\"5\" class=\"blue-fill\"\/><text x=\"985\" y=\"777\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\">print head<\/text>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Printer working space<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Object limits\"><svg data-file=\"04_printline_dimensions.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"04_printline_dimensions-title 04_printline_dimensions-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"04_printline_dimensions-title\">Bead dimensions<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"04_printline_dimensions-desc\">Bead width and layer height determine the level of detail<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Bead dimensions<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">Bead width and layer height determine the level of detail<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"690\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Bead cross-section<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"742\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"830\" y=\"190\" width=\"690\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"858\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Layer pitch<\/text><line x1=\"858\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"160\" y=\"410\" width=\"400\" height=\"190\" rx=\"95\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><line x1=\"160\" y1=\"650\" x2=\"560\" y2=\"650\" class=\"dimension\" \/><text x=\"360\" y=\"700\" class=\"dim\" text-anchor=\"middle\">35\u201355 mm<\/text><line x1=\"600\" y1=\"410\" x2=\"600\" y2=\"600\" class=\"dimension\" \/><text x=\"625\" y=\"515\" class=\"dim\" text-anchor=\"start\">8\u201315 mm<\/text><g transform=\"translate(900 0)\"><path d=\"M80 650 Q300 643 520 650\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M80 604 Q300 597 520 604\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M80 558 Q300 551 520 558\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M80 512 Q300 505 520 512\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M80 466 Q300 459 520 466\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M80 420 Q300 413 520 420\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M80 374 Q300 367 520 374\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"50\" y1=\"374\" x2=\"50\" y2=\"650\" class=\"dimension\" \/><text x=\"36\" y=\"520\" class=\"dim\" text-anchor=\"end\">layers<\/text><g><circle cx=\"210\" cy=\"720\" r=\"19\" class=\"blue-fill\"\/><text x=\"210\" y=\"727\" class=\"badge-text\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2713<\/text><text x=\"240\" y=\"727\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\">visible layering<\/text><\/g><\/g>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Bead dimensions<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"db-section\" id=\"db-02-slopes-and-overhangs\"><h2 data-nr=\"02\">Slopes and overhangs<\/h2><p>An outward-sloping wall is created by offsetting each successive layer slightly from the previous one. The new layer must nevertheless be sufficiently supported by the layer below.<\/p><p>The permitted offset depends on the bead width, layer height, material, object height, printing speed and the time between layers. Slopes that are too steep may sag, twist or lose their shape during printing.<\/p><p>Inward-tapering forms are generally easier to print than forms that widen outwards quickly. For a bowl, vase or planter, it is worth designing the shape so that it widens gradually.<\/p><p>Large horizontal projections, shelves, roofs and bridges usually need additional support or a separately made component. It often makes sense to make the horizontal part from metal, timber, cast concrete or as a separately printed element.<\/p><p>For more complex overhangs, it may help to divide the object into parts, increase the wall thickness or make the shape less steep.<\/p><div class=\"db-figs\"><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Slopes and stability\"><svg data-file=\"09_layer_offset_overhang.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"09_layer_offset_overhang-title 09_layer_offset_overhang-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"09_layer_offset_overhang-title\">Layer offset and overhang<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"09_layer_offset_overhang-desc\">Each new layer needs sufficient support from the layer below<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Layer offset and overhang<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">Each new layer needs sufficient support from the layer below<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"690\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Sufficient support<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"742\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"830\" y=\"190\" width=\"690\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"858\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Offset too large<\/text><line x1=\"858\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><g><rect x=\"210\" y=\"675\" width=\"350\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"228\" y=\"627\" width=\"350\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"246\" y=\"579\" width=\"350\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"264\" y=\"531\" width=\"350\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"282\" y=\"483\" width=\"350\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"300\" y=\"435\" width=\"350\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"318\" y=\"387\" width=\"350\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"336\" y=\"339\" width=\"350\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><\/g><g><circle cx=\"290\" cy=\"755\" r=\"19\" class=\"blue-fill\"\/><text x=\"290\" y=\"762\" class=\"badge-text\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2713<\/text><text x=\"322\" y=\"762\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\"><tspan class=\"dim\">small offset<\/tspan> = stable<\/text><\/g><g><rect x=\"900\" y=\"675\" width=\"330\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"936\" y=\"627\" width=\"330\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"972\" y=\"579\" width=\"330\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"1008\" y=\"531\" width=\"330\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"1044\" y=\"483\" width=\"330\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"1080\" y=\"435\" width=\"330\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"1116\" y=\"387\" width=\"330\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"1152\" y=\"339\" width=\"330\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><\/g><rect x=\"1152\" y=\"339\" width=\"330\" height=\"42\" rx=\"21\" class=\"blue-soft-fill anim a-09_layer_offset_overhang-1\"\/><g><circle cx=\"990\" cy=\"755\" r=\"19\" class=\"ink-fill\"\/><text x=\"990\" y=\"762\" class=\"badge-text\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u00d7<\/text><text x=\"1022\" y=\"762\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\"><tspan class=\"dim\">offset too large<\/tspan> = risk of sagging<\/text><\/g>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Layer offset and overhang<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"db-section\" id=\"db-03-toolpath\"><h2 data-nr=\"03\">Toolpath<\/h2><p>The outer shape of the 3D model is not yet the printer's path of movement. A toolpath is created from the model, which the printer follows in each layer.<\/p><p>The toolpath affects corners, joints, wall thickness, printing time and the object's stability. A smooth, continuous toolpath usually gives a more even result than a path with many interruptions and sharp changes of direction.<\/p><h3>Closed toolpath<\/h3><p>The most common and most reliable solution is a closed contour. The printer moves continuously around the object, and the start and end of the toolpath meet.<\/p><p>A closed toolpath is well suited, for example, to vases, planters, columns, lamp shells, bench supports and other hollow forms.<\/p><p>A closed shape reduces the number of times the material flow starts and stops, and helps keep the object stable.<\/p><h3>Open toolpath<\/h3><p>Walls with an open contour can also be printed. In this case, the printer moves in one direction in one layer and back in the next, or starts each layer anew.<\/p><p>At the ends of an open toolpath, the material flow must start and stop cleanly. As a result, the start and end points of the toolpath may differ slightly from the rest of the surface.<\/p><p>With open walls, very thin and tall free ends should be avoided. Where necessary, the ends can be thickened, rounded or tied into another wall, rib or intersecting element.<\/p><h3>Long unsupported straight walls<\/h3><p>A long straight wall may bend sideways or become wavy during printing, even if its thickness is otherwise sufficient. The risk increases as the wall gets taller, because the fresh material has not yet reached its final stiffness.<\/p><p>Very long straight sections are best avoided where possible. The wall can be stabilised with a slight curve, a wavy shape, an intersecting wall, an internal rib or local thickening. Sometimes it is enough to divide a long straight section into shorter segments at visually suitable points.<\/p><p>The exact maximum unsupported length cannot be determined from the drawing alone. It depends on the wall's height, thickness, material and printing speed, and is checked against the specific model.<\/p><h3>Overlapping beads<\/h3><p>Beads can be overlapped to connect walls, form intersecting parts or reinforce the structure.<\/p><p>This may be needed, for example, for partition walls, internal ribs, bench supports or multi-bead walls. The length of the overlap and the printing sequence are determined according to the model and the dimensions of the bead used.<\/p><p>An overlap that is too short can create a weak joint. An overlap that is too long can cause excess material to build up and visible thickening.<\/p><div class=\"db-figs\"><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Toolpaths and shape\"><svg data-file=\"16_closed_print_path.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"16_closed_print_path-title 16_closed_print_path-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"16_closed_print_path-title\">Closed toolpath<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"16_closed_print_path-desc\">A continuous contour reduces starts and stops<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Closed toolpath<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">A continuous contour reduces starts and stops<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"1440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Continuous contour<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><path d=\"M530 480 C530 370 610 340 720 340 H880 C990 340 1070 370 1070 480 V530 C1070 640 990 670 880 670 H720 C610 670 530 640 530 530 Z\" class=\"concrete-wide\"\/><path d=\"M530 480 C530 370 610 340 720 340 H880 C990 340 1070 370 1070 480 V530 C1070 640 990 670 880 670 H720 C610 670 530 640 530 530 Z\" class=\"accent-line\" \/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"0\" r=\"15\" class=\"blue-fill white-stroke anim a-16_closed_print_path-1\"\/><text x=\"800\" y=\"515\" class=\"label\" text-anchor=\"middle\">closed<\/text><g><circle cx=\"699\" cy=\"752\" r=\"19\" class=\"blue-fill\"\/><text x=\"699\" y=\"759\" class=\"badge-text\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2713<\/text><text x=\"729\" y=\"759\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\">one continuous movement<\/text><\/g>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Closed toolpath<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Toolpaths and shape\"><svg data-file=\"17_open_reversing_path.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"17_open_reversing_path-title 17_open_reversing_path-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"17_open_reversing_path-title\">Open back-and-forth toolpath<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"17_open_reversing_path-desc\">The next layer may travel back along the same path<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Open back-and-forth toolpath<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">The next layer may travel back along the same path<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"1440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Open path<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><path d=\"M360 650 C520 300 970 260 1240 520\" class=\"concrete-wide\"\/><path d=\"M360 650 C520 300 970 260 1240 520\" class=\"accent-line\" \/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"0\" r=\"15\" class=\"blue-fill white-stroke anim a-17_open_reversing_path-1\"\/><circle cx=\"360\" cy=\"650\" r=\"19\" class=\"paper-fill blue-stroke\" \/><circle cx=\"1240\" cy=\"520\" r=\"19\" class=\"blue-fill\" \/><text x=\"330\" y=\"705\" class=\"tiny\" text-anchor=\"start\">start<\/text><text x=\"1240\" y=\"575\" class=\"tiny\" text-anchor=\"middle\">end<\/text><path d=\"M1170 380 C950 220 600 290 470 510\" class=\"dash-line\" \/><text x=\"800\" y=\"748\" class=\"dim\" text-anchor=\"middle\">next layer travels back<\/text>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Open back-and-forth toolpath<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Slopes and stability\"><svg data-file=\"12_long_wall_instability.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"12_long_wall_instability-title 12_long_wall_instability-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"12_long_wall_instability-title\">Long wall instability<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"12_long_wall_instability-desc\">A tall straight wall may become wavy during printing<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Long wall instability<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">A tall straight wall may become wavy during printing<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"1440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">As the height increases, so does the risk of lateral bending<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><path d=\"M220 650 C380 560 480 740 650 650 C820 560 930 740 1100 650 C1240 580 1320 610 1380 650 V350 C1260 300 1160 380 1040 350 C870 300 760 410 590 350 C420 300 330 390 220 350 Z\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><path d=\"M240 625 Q800 618 1360 625\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M240 582 Q800 575 1360 582\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M240 539 Q800 532 1360 539\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M240 496 Q800 489 1360 496\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M240 453 Q800 446 1360 453\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M240 410 Q800 403 1360 410\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M240 367 Q800 360 1360 367\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M220 350 C330 390 420 300 590 350 C760 410 870 300 1040 350 C1160 380 1260 300 1380 350\" class=\"accent-line anim a-12_long_wall_instability-1\" \/><line x1=\"220\" y1=\"710\" x2=\"1380\" y2=\"710\" class=\"dimension\" \/><g><circle cx=\"579\" cy=\"755\" r=\"19\" class=\"ink-fill\"\/><text x=\"579\" y=\"762\" class=\"badge-text\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u00d7<\/text><text x=\"611\" y=\"762\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\"><tspan class=\"dim\">long unsupported wall<\/tspan> = risk of waviness<\/text><\/g>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Long wall instability<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Toolpaths and shape\"><svg data-file=\"18_overlapping_paths.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"18_overlapping_paths-title 18_overlapping_paths-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"18_overlapping_paths-title\">Overlapping beads<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"18_overlapping_paths-desc\">Intersecting paths tie walls and internal ribs together<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Overlapping beads<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">Intersecting paths tie walls and internal ribs together<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"1440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Overlapping joint between two walls<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><<path d=\"M250 520 H1350\" class=\"concrete-wide\"\/><path d=\"M800 330 V720\" class=\"concrete-wide\"\/><path d=\"M250 520 H1350\" class=\"accent-line anim a-18_overlapping_paths-1\" \/><path d=\"M800 330 V720\" class=\"accent-line anim a-18_overlapping_paths-2\" \/><circle cx=\"800\" cy=\"520\" r=\"62\" class=\"blue-soft-fill\"\/><circle cx=\"800\" cy=\"520\" r=\"80\" class=\"dash-line\"\/><text x=\"800\" y=\"527\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"middle\">overlap<\/text><path d=\"M857 463 L940 380 H1000\" class=\"dimension\"\/><circle cx=\"857\" cy=\"463\" r=\"6\" class=\"blue-fill\"\/><text x=\"1012\" y=\"388\" class=\"dim\" text-anchor=\"start\">joint zone<\/text>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Overlapping beads<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"db-section\" id=\"db-04-height-growing-too-fast\"><h2 data-nr=\"04\">Object growing too fast in height<\/h2><p>During printing, the lower layers must have enough time to stiffen before the weight of the following layers is added.<\/p><p>If the printer returns to the same area too quickly, the object grows in height faster than the fresh material can take the load. As a result, the wall may bulge, sag, lean or collapse.<\/p><p>This problem occurs more often with objects with a small circumference, because printing one layer takes little time. For a small vase or column, for example, the printer may return to the same spot with a new layer within a few seconds.<\/p><p>The rate of growth in height can be reduced by increasing the toolpath length of a single layer, printing several objects at once, adding a waiting time between layers or adjusting the material and printing speed. Sometimes it is useful to place several small products in the printer's work area and print them alternately.<\/p><p>The printability of an object is therefore not determined by its final shape alone. It also matters how fast the object grows in the Z direction, i.e. in height, during printing.<\/p><div class=\"db-figs\"><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Slopes and stability\"><svg data-file=\"14_rapid_height_growth_failure.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"14_rapid_height_growth_failure-title 14_rapid_height_growth_failure-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"14_rapid_height_growth_failure-title\">Height growing too fast<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"14_rapid_height_growth_failure-desc\">New layers may load the fresh lower section too quickly<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Height growing too fast<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">New layers may load the fresh lower section too quickly<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"690\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Sufficient time between layers<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"742\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"830\" y=\"190\" width=\"690\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"858\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Growth too fast<\/text><line x1=\"858\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><g><rect x=\"250\" y=\"640\" width=\"350\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"250\" y=\"592\" width=\"350\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"250\" y=\"544\" width=\"350\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"250\" y=\"496\" width=\"350\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"250\" y=\"448\" width=\"350\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"250\" y=\"400\" width=\"350\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"250\" y=\"352\" width=\"350\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"250\" y=\"304\" width=\"350\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><\/g><g><circle cx=\"334\" cy=\"760\" r=\"19\" class=\"blue-fill\"\/><text x=\"334\" y=\"767\" class=\"badge-text\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2713<\/text><text x=\"366\" y=\"767\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\">layers stiffen<\/text><\/g><g><rect x=\"940\" y=\"640\" width=\"350\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"940\" y=\"592\" width=\"362\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"940\" y=\"544\" width=\"374\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"940\" y=\"496\" width=\"386\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"940\" y=\"448\" width=\"398\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><rect x=\"940\" y=\"400\" width=\"410\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"blue-soft-fill\"\/><rect x=\"940\" y=\"352\" width=\"422\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"blue-soft-fill\"\/><rect x=\"940\" y=\"304\" width=\"434\" height=\"40\" rx=\"20\" class=\"blue-soft-fill\"\/><\/g><path d=\"M920 665 Q1160 720 1415 655\" class=\"accent-line anim a-14_rapid_height_growth_failure-1\" \/><g><circle cx=\"1126\" cy=\"760\" r=\"19\" class=\"ink-fill\"\/><text x=\"1126\" y=\"767\" class=\"badge-text\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u00d7<\/text><text x=\"1158\" y=\"767\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\">sagging<\/text><\/g>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Height growing too fast<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"db-section\" id=\"db-05-corners-and-shape-changes\"><h2 data-nr=\"05\">Corners and changes in shape<\/h2><h3>Sharp corners<\/h3><p>A perfectly sharp corner cannot be formed with 3D concrete printing. The bead has a fixed width, so when the direction changes, the corner always remains slightly rounded.<\/p><p>Very sharp internal corners can cause material to build up. At sharp external corners, the bead may stretch or become uneven.<\/p><h3>Rounded corners<\/h3><p>Corners should, where possible, already be rounded in the model. A good starting point is a radius equal to at least half the bead width.<\/p><p>With Print Betoon's typical beads, this means a <strong>minimum radius of approximately 20\u201330 mm<\/strong>. A larger radius makes the printer's movement smoother and usually gives a cleaner result.<\/p><p>For decorative objects, a gentle transition, a wave or a chamfer can be used instead of a corner. Such solutions often suit the layered surface of 3D printing better than a classic sharp corner.<\/p><h3>Rapid changes in shape<\/h3><p>Very abrupt changes in width, wall thickness or direction should be avoided. If an object changes from very narrow to very wide within a few layers, the material may be distributed unevenly.<\/p><p>A smooth transition usually works better. Thickening or narrowing should take place over several layers rather than in one abrupt step.<\/p><div class=\"db-figs\"><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Toolpaths and shape\"><svg data-file=\"19_sharp_rounded_corners.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"19_sharp_rounded_corners-title 19_sharp_rounded_corners-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"19_sharp_rounded_corners-title\">Sharp and rounded corners<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"19_sharp_rounded_corners-desc\">A larger radius makes the movement smoother<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Sharp and rounded corners<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">A larger radius makes the movement smoother<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"330\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Sharp corner<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"382\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"450\" y=\"190\" width=\"330\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"478\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Rounded<\/text><line x1=\"478\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"752\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"820\" y=\"190\" width=\"330\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"848\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Internal corner<\/text><line x1=\"848\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1122\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"1190\" y=\"190\" width=\"330\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"1218\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Gentle transition<\/text><line x1=\"1218\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><path d=\"M150 650 V340 H350\" class=\"concrete-wide\"\/><g><circle cx=\"196\" cy=\"748\" r=\"19\" class=\"ink-fill\"\/><text x=\"196\" y=\"755\" class=\"badge-text\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u00d7<\/text><text x=\"228\" y=\"755\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\">inaccurate<\/text><\/g><path d=\"M520 650 V470 Q520 340 650 340 H720\" class=\"concrete-wide\"\/><g><circle cx=\"581\" cy=\"748\" r=\"19\" class=\"blue-fill\"\/><text x=\"581\" y=\"755\" class=\"badge-text\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2713<\/text><text x=\"613\" y=\"755\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\">smooth<\/text><\/g><path d=\"M890 340 H1090 V650\" class=\"concrete-wide\"\/><circle cx=\"1060\" cy=\"370\" r=\"34\" class=\"blue-soft-fill\" \/><g><circle cx=\"879\" cy=\"748\" r=\"19\" class=\"ink-fill\"\/><text x=\"879\" y=\"755\" class=\"badge-text\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u00d7<\/text><text x=\"911\" y=\"755\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\">material build-up<\/text><\/g><path d=\"M1260 650 C1260 470 1350 350 1460 340\" class=\"concrete-wide\"\/><g><circle cx=\"1309\" cy=\"748\" r=\"19\" class=\"blue-fill\"\/><text x=\"1309\" y=\"755\" class=\"badge-text\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2713<\/text><text x=\"1341\" y=\"755\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\">good flow<\/text><\/g>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Sharp and rounded corners<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"db-section\" id=\"db-06-printing-methods\"><h2 data-nr=\"06\">Printing methods<\/h2><h3>Horizontal layering<\/h3><p>Objects are generally printed in horizontal layers. This works well for forms with a flat base and walls that rise from the bottom up.<\/p><p>Horizontal layering is reliable and suitable for producing most products. With this method, a straight horizontal top edge usually comes out cleanest.<\/p><h3>Stepped sloping surface<\/h3><p>If the object's top edge is sloped, the horizontal layers make it stepped. The size of the steps depends on the layer height.<\/p><p>The lower the layer, the smaller and less noticeable the steps. With a slight slope, the edge may appear almost smooth. With a steeper slope, the layered geometry remains clearly visible and can be used as a deliberate design element.<\/p><p>If a perfectly straight sloping surface is required, it must be produced as a separate component or treated after printing.<\/p><div class=\"db-figs\"><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Toolpaths and shape\"><svg data-file=\"22_horizontal_layers.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"22_horizontal_layers-title 22_horizontal_layers-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"22_horizontal_layers-title\">Horizontal layering<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"22_horizontal_layers-desc\">A reliable solution for a flat base and upright walls<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Horizontal layering<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">A reliable solution for a flat base and upright walls<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"1440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Layer by layer upwards<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><g transform=\"translate(0 -25)\"><path d=\"M380 700 V330 H1220 V700 Z\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"665\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"665\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"622\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"622\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"579\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"579\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"536\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"536\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"493\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"493\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"450\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"450\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"407\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"407\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"364\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"364\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><g class=\"anim a-22_horizontal_layers-1\"><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"665\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"665\" class=\"accent-line\" \/><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"622\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"622\" class=\"accent-line\" \/><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"579\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"579\" class=\"accent-line\" \/><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"536\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"536\" class=\"accent-line\" \/><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"493\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"493\" class=\"accent-line\" \/><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"450\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"450\" class=\"accent-line\" \/><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"407\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"407\" class=\"accent-line\" \/><line x1=\"400\" y1=\"364\" x2=\"1200\" y2=\"364\" class=\"accent-line\" \/><\/g><line x1=\"500\" y1=\"735\" x2=\"1100\" y2=\"735\" class=\"accent-line\" \/><polygon points=\"1100,735 1082,725 1082,745\" class=\"blue-fill\"\/><text x=\"800\" y=\"785\" class=\"dim\" text-anchor=\"middle\">horizontal print direction<\/text>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Horizontal layering<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Toolpaths and shape\"><svg data-file=\"23_stepped_slope.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"23_stepped_slope-title 23_stepped_slope-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"23_stepped_slope-title\">Stepped sloping surface<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"23_stepped_slope-desc\">A sloped edge is formed by the steps of horizontal layers<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Stepped sloping surface<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">A sloped edge is formed by the steps of horizontal layers<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"1440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Sloped top edge from horizontal layers<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><path d=\"M360 700 V650 H490 V590 H620 V530 H750 V470 H880 V410 H1010 V350 H1140 V700 Z\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><line x1=\"360\" y1=\"650\" x2=\"1140\" y2=\"650\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"490\" y1=\"590\" x2=\"1140\" y2=\"590\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"620\" y1=\"530\" x2=\"1140\" y2=\"530\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"750\" y1=\"470\" x2=\"1140\" y2=\"470\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"880\" y1=\"410\" x2=\"1140\" y2=\"410\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"1010\" y1=\"350\" x2=\"1140\" y2=\"350\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><circle cx=\"0\" cy=\"0\" r=\"14\" class=\"blue-fill white-stroke anim a-23_stepped_slope-1\"\/><path d=\"M360 650 L1140 290\" class=\"dash-line\" \/><path d=\"M652 752 H712\" class=\"dash-line\" \/><text x=\"728\" y=\"760\" class=\"dim\" text-anchor=\"start\">desired straight slope<\/text>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Stepped sloping surface<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"db-section\" id=\"db-07-internal-wall-structure\"><h2 data-nr=\"07\">Internal wall structure<\/h2><p>An object does not have to be completely solid. The wall may contain an empty cavity, a wavy infill, internal ribs or a core filled later.<\/p><p>A hollow solution reduces weight and material consumption. Internal ribs can increase stiffness and help maintain the shape during printing.<\/p><p>For planters, benches and other larger products, space can be left inside for reinforcement, fixings, infill concrete or technical components.<\/p><p>The internal geometry must be open enough for the printer to complete all toolpaths without the nozzle or machine parts colliding.<\/p><div class=\"db-figs\"><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Structural details\"><svg data-file=\"24_wall_infill_options.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"24_wall_infill_options-title 24_wall_infill_options-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"24_wall_infill_options-title\">Internal wall structure<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"24_wall_infill_options-desc\">Cavity, wavy infill, ribs or fillable core<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Internal wall structure<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">Cavity, wavy infill, ribs or fillable core<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"330\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Hollow<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"382\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"450\" y=\"190\" width=\"330\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"478\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Wavy infill<\/text><line x1=\"478\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"752\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"820\" y=\"190\" width=\"330\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"848\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Internal ribs<\/text><line x1=\"848\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1122\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"1190\" y=\"190\" width=\"330\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"1218\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Fillable core<\/text><line x1=\"1218\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><path d=\"M160 670 V330 H330 V670 M195 670 V370 H295 V670\" class=\"concrete-line\"\/><path d=\"M530 670 V330 H700 V670 M555 640 Q615 560 675 640 M555 540 Q615 460 675 540 M555 440 Q615 360 675 440\" class=\"concrete-line\"\/><path d=\"M900 670 V330 H1070 V670 M930 400 H1040 M930 500 H1040 M930 600 H1040\" class=\"concrete-line\"\/><path d=\"M1270 670 V330 H1440 V670 M1305 630 V380 H1405 V630 Z\" class=\"concrete-line\"\/><rect x=\"1305\" y=\"500\" width=\"100\" height=\"130\" class=\"blue-soft-fill\"\/>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Internal wall structure<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"db-section\" id=\"db-08-openings-and-fixings\"><h2 data-nr=\"08\">Openings and fixings<\/h2><p>Openings, penetrations and fixing points should, where possible, be planned before printing.<\/p><p>Vertical openings and cavities are usually easy to produce. Openings with a horizontal top edge may need an arched shape, temporary support or a separate lintel.<\/p><p>Smaller openings can be drilled after the concrete has set. For very precise bolt holes or fixing surfaces, it often makes sense to drill them afterwards or use a separately installed metal part.<\/p><p>Threaded rods, anchors, lifting inserts or other components can be embedded in the object during printing. Their position, size and installation sequence must be agreed in advance.<\/p><div class=\"db-figs\"><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Structural details\"><svg data-file=\"27_arched_opening.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"27_arched_opening-title 27_arched_opening-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"27_arched_opening-title\">Opening with a horizontal top edge<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"27_arched_opening-desc\">An arch, temporary support or separate lintel carries the upper layers<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Opening with a horizontal top edge<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">An arch, temporary support or separate lintel carries the upper layers<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"690\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Straight top edge<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"742\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"830\" y=\"190\" width=\"690\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"858\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Arched opening<\/text><line x1=\"858\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><path d=\"M160 700 V310 H690 V700 M310 700 V470 H540 V700\" class=\"concrete-line\"\/><line x1=\"310\" y1=\"470\" x2=\"540\" y2=\"470\" class=\"accent-line\" \/><line x1=\"425\" y1=\"400\" x2=\"425\" y2=\"465\" class=\"dash-line\" \/><text x=\"425\" y=\"370\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"middle\">lintel or support<\/text><path d=\"M910 700 V310 H1440 V700 M1060 700 V520 Q1060 390 1175 390 Q1290 390 1290 520 V700\" class=\"concrete-line\"\/><path d=\"M1060 520 Q1060 390 1175 390 Q1290 390 1290 520\" class=\"accent-line\" \/><g><circle cx=\"1040\" cy=\"745\" r=\"19\" class=\"blue-fill\"\/><text x=\"1040\" y=\"752\" class=\"badge-text\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2713<\/text><text x=\"1070\" y=\"752\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\">load transfers to the sides<\/text><\/g>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Opening with a horizontal top edge<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"db-section\" id=\"db-09-base-and-top\"><h2 data-nr=\"09\">Base and top<\/h2><p>The printer is best suited to producing walls and upright forms. A fully closed base or a large horizontal top surface is usually not printed directly.<\/p><p>The base can be made separately, cast later or added from another material. For a smaller object, the base can sometimes be formed with layers gradually moving inwards, but this depends on the shape and the stability of the material.<\/p><p>The top can be made as a separate slab, lid, seat or other component. For example, the printed legs of a bench can be combined with a seat made of timber, metal or cast concrete.<\/p><div class=\"db-figs\"><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Structural details\"><svg data-file=\"29_base_options.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"29_base_options-title 29_base_options-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"29_base_options-title\">Base solutions<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"29_base_options-desc\">Separate slab, cast base or inward-stepping layers<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Base solutions<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">Separate slab, cast base or inward-stepping layers<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Separate slab<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"580\" y=\"190\" width=\"440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"608\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Cast later<\/text><line x1=\"608\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"992\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"1080\" y=\"190\" width=\"440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"1108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Inward layers<\/text><line x1=\"1108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><path d=\"M170 650 V350 H430 V650\" class=\"concrete-line\"\/><rect x=\"130\" y=\"650\" width=\"340\" height=\"58\" rx=\"10\" class=\"blue-soft-fill blue-stroke\"\/><text x=\"300\" y=\"755\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"middle\">separate base<\/text><path d=\"M670 650 V350 H930 V650\" class=\"concrete-line\"\/><rect x=\"700\" y=\"570\" width=\"200\" height=\"80\" class=\"blue-soft-fill\"\/><text x=\"800\" y=\"755\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"middle\">infill after printing<\/text><path d=\"M1170 650 V350 H1430 V650\" class=\"concrete-line\"\/><line x1=\"1170\" y1=\"650\" x2=\"1430\" y2=\"650\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"1196\" y1=\"602\" x2=\"1404\" y2=\"602\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"1222\" y1=\"554\" x2=\"1378\" y2=\"554\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"1248\" y1=\"506\" x2=\"1352\" y2=\"506\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><line x1=\"1274\" y1=\"458\" x2=\"1326\" y2=\"458\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><text x=\"1300\" y=\"755\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"middle\">gradual closing<\/text>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Base solutions<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Structural details\"><svg data-file=\"30_top_options.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"30_top_options-title 30_top_options-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"30_top_options-title\">Top solutions<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"30_top_options-desc\">Lid, seat or separate horizontal component<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Top solutions<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">Lid, seat or separate horizontal component<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Lid<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"580\" y=\"190\" width=\"440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"608\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Seat<\/text><line x1=\"608\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"992\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"1080\" y=\"190\" width=\"440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"1108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Open top edge<\/text><line x1=\"1108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><path d=\"M170 650 V360 H430 V650\" class=\"concrete-line\"\/><rect x=\"140\" y=\"320\" width=\"320\" height=\"55\" rx=\"12\" class=\"blue-soft-fill blue-stroke\"\/><text x=\"300\" y=\"740\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"middle\">separate component<\/text><path d=\"M650 650 V420 H750 V650 M850 650 V420 H950 V650\" class=\"concrete-line\"\/><rect x=\"620\" y=\"350\" width=\"360\" height=\"70\" rx=\"18\" class=\"ink-fill\"\/><text x=\"800\" y=\"740\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"middle\">timber, metal or concrete<\/text><path d=\"M1170 650 V350 H1430 V650\" class=\"concrete-line\"\/><path d=\"M1190 620 Q1300 613 1410 620\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M1190 578 Q1300 571 1410 578\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M1190 536 Q1300 529 1410 536\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M1190 494 Q1300 487 1410 494\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M1190 452 Q1300 445 1410 452\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M1190 410 Q1300 403 1410 410\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><text x=\"1300\" y=\"740\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"middle\">natural printed edge<\/text>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Top solutions<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"db-section\" id=\"db-10-accuracy-and-surface-quality\"><h2 data-nr=\"10\">Accuracy and surface quality<\/h2><p>3D concrete printing is not as precise as metalworking or printing small plastic parts. The fresh mix may deform slightly under its own weight, and the edges naturally remain rounded.<\/p><p>Dimensions are affected by the consistency of the material, the weather, drying and setting. With a tall or thin object, small deviations may accumulate layer by layer.<\/p><p>The printed surface may remain naturally layered. Where needed, it can be partly smoothed, sanded, painted or treated with a protective product.<\/p><p>Achieving a very smooth surface requires additional manual work and may make the natural appearance of 3D printing less visible. It often makes sense to use the layered surface as a deliberate design element.<\/p><div class=\"db-figs\"><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Quality and input information\"><svg data-file=\"32_accuracy_tolerance.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"32_accuracy_tolerance-title 32_accuracy_tolerance-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"32_accuracy_tolerance-title\">Accuracy and tolerance<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"32_accuracy_tolerance-desc\">Fresh material and layers cause natural deviations<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Accuracy and tolerance<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">Fresh material and layers cause natural deviations<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"1440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Nominal shape and natural deviation<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"270\" y=\"320\" width=\"460\" height=\"390\" rx=\"30\" class=\"blue-soft-outline\"\/><path d=\"M320 660 Q500 260 680 660\" class=\"concrete-wide\"\/><path d=\"M330 660 Q500 280 670 660\" class=\"dash-line\"\/><text x=\"500\" y=\"765\" class=\"dim\" text-anchor=\"middle\">tolerance zone<\/text><path d=\"M885 670 C900 570 880 470 910 380 H1260 C1290 470 1250 570 1295 670\" class=\"concrete-wide\"\/><path d=\"M900 670 V380 H1280 V670\" class=\"dash-line\"\/><line x1=\"880\" y1=\"310\" x2=\"1300\" y2=\"310\" class=\"dimension\"\/><line x1=\"880\" y1=\"298\" x2=\"880\" y2=\"322\" class=\"dimension\"\/><line x1=\"1300\" y1=\"298\" x2=\"1300\" y2=\"322\" class=\"dimension\"\/><text x=\"1090\" y=\"765\" class=\"dim\" text-anchor=\"middle\">dimensional check<\/text>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Accuracy and tolerance<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"db-section\" id=\"db-11-dividing-into-parts\"><h2 data-nr=\"11\">Dividing the object into parts<\/h2><p>Objects that are larger or more complex than the printer's work area allows can be produced as several separate elements.<\/p><p>Joint locations are planned so that they are easy to connect and do not spoil the object's appearance. The joint can be straight, stepped, tongue-and-groove or shaped to follow the object's form.<\/p><p>Dividing into parts can simplify lifting, transport, surface treatment and installation. It can also make it possible to replace a damaged component separately later on.<\/p><p>Depending on the product, the finished elements are joined mechanically or by bonding, grouting, bolting, internal infill or another suitable solution.<\/p><div class=\"db-figs\"><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Structural details\"><svg data-file=\"31_segmented_object_joints.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"31_segmented_object_joints-title 31_segmented_object_joints-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"31_segmented_object_joints-title\">Dividing the object into parts<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"31_segmented_object_joints-desc\">The elements are printed separately and joined after setting<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Dividing the object into parts<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">The elements are printed separately and joined after setting<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"1440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Three elements are joined into a whole<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><g><path d=\"M260 680 Q380 320 500 680 Z\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><path d=\"M290 650 Q380 643 470 650\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M290 604 Q380 597 470 604\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M290 558 Q380 551 470 558\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M290 512 Q380 505 470 512\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M290 466 Q380 459 470 466\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M290 420 Q380 413 470 420\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><\/g><path d=\"M620 680 Q740 320 860 680 Z\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><path d=\"M650 650 Q740 643 830 650\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M650 604 Q740 597 830 604\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M650 558 Q740 551 830 558\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M650 512 Q740 505 830 512\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M650 466 Q740 459 830 466\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M650 420 Q740 413 830 420\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><g><path d=\"M1000 680 Q1120 320 1240 680 Z\" class=\"concrete-fill\"\/><path d=\"M1030 650 Q1120 643 1210 650\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M1030 604 Q1120 597 1210 604\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M1030 558 Q1120 551 1210 558\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M1030 512 Q1120 505 1210 512\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M1030 466 Q1120 459 1210 466\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><path d=\"M1030 420 Q1120 413 1210 420\" class=\"concrete-line\" \/><\/g><g class=\"anim a-31_segmented_object_joints-1\" opacity=\".75\"><path d=\"M260 680 Q380 320 500 680 Z\" class=\"blue-soft-fill blue-stroke\"\/><\/g><g class=\"anim a-31_segmented_object_joints-2\" opacity=\".75\"><path d=\"M1000 680 Q1120 320 1240 680 Z\" class=\"blue-soft-fill blue-stroke\"\/><\/g><line x1=\"510\" y1=\"500\" x2=\"600\" y2=\"500\" class=\"accent-line\" \/><polygon points=\"600,500 582,490 582,510\" class=\"blue-fill\"\/><line x1=\"870\" y1=\"500\" x2=\"960\" y2=\"500\" class=\"accent-line\" \/><polygon points=\"960,500 942,490 942,510\" class=\"blue-fill\"\/><text x=\"800\" y=\"745\" class=\"dim\" text-anchor=\"middle\">straight, stepped or tongue-and-groove joint<\/text>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Dividing the object into parts<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"db-section\" id=\"db-12-technical-data\"><h2 data-nr=\"12\">Technical data<\/h2><div class=\"db-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Parameter<\/th><th>Print Betoon<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Printer work area<\/th><td>7000 \u00d7 3000 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Maximum print height<\/th><td>Approximately 300\u20131000 mm, depending on the object's position in the work area<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Bead width<\/th><td>35\u201355 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Layer height<\/th><td>8\u201315 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Smallest practical wall thickness<\/th><td>Generally at least the width of one bead<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Recommended minimum corner radius<\/th><td>Approximately 20\u201330 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Long straight walls<\/th><td>Depending on height and thickness, require curves, ribs, intersecting walls or other stiffening elements<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Rate of height growth<\/th><td>The lower layers must have time to stiffen sufficiently before the following layers are added<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Overhanging surfaces<\/th><td>Assessed according to the model, material and chosen printing parameters<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standard printing method<\/th><td>Horizontal layers<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Surface texture<\/th><td>With naturally visible print layers<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Preferred 3D files<\/th><td>3DM and STEP\/STP<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Other usable 3D files<\/th><td>STL, OBJ and SKP<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Drawings<\/th><td>DWG, DXF and PDF<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">If there is no model<\/th><td>Dimensioned sketch, drawing or photo<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"db-section\" id=\"db-13-which-files-to-send\"><h2 data-nr=\"13\">Which files to send?<\/h2><p>The best starting point is a <strong>3DM or STEP file<\/strong> at the correct scale containing the final geometry.<\/p><div class=\"db-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>File format<\/th><th>Suitable for<\/th><th>Key requirements<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\"><strong>3DM<\/strong><\/th><td>Rhino and Grasshopper models<\/td><td>The final geometry must be clearly separated from construction geometry. Parts and layers should be named.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><strong>STEP \/ STP<\/strong><\/th><td>SolidWorks, Solid Edge, Inventor, Fusion 360 and other CAD<\/td><td>Preferably closed solids. Unnecessary details smaller than the print resolution can be removed.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><strong>STL<\/strong><\/th><td>Finished mesh model<\/td><td>The model must be closed, at the correct scale and free of holes, overlapping faces and self-intersections.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><strong>OBJ<\/strong><\/th><td>Free-form mesh models<\/td><td>The same geometric requirements as for STL. Textures are not usually needed for production.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><strong>SKP<\/strong><\/th><td>Simpler SketchUp models and initial assessment<\/td><td>The geometry must form closed volumes. Parts should be in separate groups or components.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><strong>DWG \/ DXF<\/strong><\/th><td>Plans, sections and contours<\/td><td>Lines must be at the correct scale. Closed contours should be genuinely closed polylines.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\"><strong>PDF<\/strong><\/th><td>Drawings and explanatory project material<\/td><td>Include the unit of measurement, main dimensions, views, a section and a note of the current version. A PDF does not replace the 3D model needed for production.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p>The file should contain only current or clearly labelled geometry. It is worth removing old versions, unnecessary copies, hidden objects and small details that are not needed for production.<\/p><p>The model's unit of measurement should be <strong>millimetres<\/strong>. The object's bottom surface and intended print orientation must be clearly identifiable. If the object consists of several elements, these should be separate solids, groups or layers and logically named.<\/p><p>Openings, joints, fixings and any required precise surfaces must be shown in the model or an accompanying drawing. If not all information can be included in the 3D model, a dimensioned PDF drawing can be added.<\/p><p>When sending a Grasshopper definition, include the 3DM files, data files and other external content used. Also state the names and versions of the plugins used.<\/p><p>The file name should include the object's name, version and date, for example:<\/p><p><strong>planter_V03_2026-07-28.step<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"db-figs\"><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Quality and input information\"><svg data-file=\"34_file_format_map.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"34_file_format_map-title 34_file_format_map-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"34_file_format_map-title\">Suitable file formats<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"34_file_format_map-desc\">CAD solids, meshes and dimensioned drawings<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Suitable file formats<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">CAD solids, meshes and dimensioned drawings<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">CAD solids<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"580\" y=\"190\" width=\"440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"608\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Meshes<\/text><line x1=\"608\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"992\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><rect x=\"1080\" y=\"190\" width=\"440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"1108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Drawings<\/text><line x1=\"1108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><path d=\"M190 350 H410 L450 390 V650 H190 Z\" class=\"blue-soft-fill blue-stroke\"\/><text x=\"320\" y=\"500\" class=\"label\" text-anchor=\"middle\">3DM<\/text><text x=\"320\" y=\"555\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"middle\">STEP \/ STP<\/text><path d=\"M690 350 H910 L950 390 V650 H690 Z\" class=\"blue-soft-fill blue-stroke\"\/><text x=\"820\" y=\"500\" class=\"label\" text-anchor=\"middle\">STL \u00b7 OBJ<\/text><text x=\"820\" y=\"555\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"middle\">SKP<\/text><path d=\"M1190 350 H1410 L1450 390 V650 H1190 Z\" class=\"blue-soft-fill blue-stroke\"\/><text x=\"1320\" y=\"500\" class=\"label\" text-anchor=\"middle\">DWG \u00b7 DXF<\/text><text x=\"1320\" y=\"555\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"middle\">PDF<\/text><g><circle cx=\"185\" cy=\"730\" r=\"19\" class=\"blue-fill\"\/><text x=\"185\" y=\"737\" class=\"badge-text\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2713<\/text><text x=\"215\" y=\"737\" class=\"small\" text-anchor=\"start\">preferred: 3DM and STEP<\/text><\/g>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>Suitable file formats<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"db-section\" id=\"db-14-what-to-include-in-a-quote-request\"><h2 data-nr=\"14\">What to include in a quote request?<\/h2><p>The most important things in a quote request are a drawing or model of the object, approximate dimensions, the desired quantity and the place of use.<\/p><p>It is also worth including the desired colour and surface finish, whether the object will be used indoors or outdoors, the need for fixings, the transport and installation site and the desired completion date. Please also state if the object must carry people, soil, water or any other significant load.<\/p><p>Not every detail has to be finalised before you get in touch. An initial idea is often enough, as a small change in shape can make the product easier to print, stronger, lighter or more affordable.<\/p><div class=\"db-figs\"><figure class=\"db-fig\" data-topic=\"Quality and input information\"><svg data-file=\"36_quote_suitability_flow.svg\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" viewBox=\"0 0 1600 900\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"36_quote_suitability_flow-title 36_quote_suitability_flow-desc\" class=\"db-svg\">\r\n  <title id=\"36_quote_suitability_flow-title\">From idea to quote request<\/title>\r\n  <desc id=\"36_quote_suitability_flow-desc\">A printable solution is created from the model and input information<\/desc>\r\n  <rect width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" fill=\"#fff\"\/>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"90\" class=\"title\" text-anchor=\"start\">From idea to quote request<\/text>\r\n  <text x=\"90\" y=\"132\" class=\"subtitle\" text-anchor=\"start\">A printable solution is created from the model and input information<\/text>\r\n  <rect x=\"80\" y=\"190\" width=\"1440\" height=\"610\" rx=\"28\" class=\"panel\"\/><text x=\"108\" y=\"239\" class=\"panel-title\" text-anchor=\"start\">Input information becomes a verified production solution<\/text><line x1=\"108\" y1=\"262\" x2=\"1492\" y2=\"262\" class=\"hairline\" \/><line x1=\"290\" y1=\"340\" x2=\"1310\" y2=\"340\" class=\"dimension\"\/><line x1=\"290\" y1=\"350\" x2=\"290\" y2=\"380\" class=\"hairline\"\/><line x1=\"630\" y1=\"350\" x2=\"630\" y2=\"380\" class=\"hairline\"\/><line x1=\"970\" y1=\"350\" x2=\"970\" y2=\"380\" class=\"hairline\"\/><line x1=\"1310\" y1=\"350\" x2=\"1310\" y2=\"380\" class=\"hairline\"\/><circle cx=\"290\" cy=\"340\" r=\"10\" class=\"paper-fill blue-stroke\"\/><circle cx=\"630\" cy=\"340\" r=\"10\" class=\"paper-fill blue-stroke\"\/><circle cx=\"970\" cy=\"340\" r=\"10\" class=\"paper-fill blue-stroke\"\/><circle cx=\"1310\" cy=\"340\" r=\"10\" class=\"blue-fill\"\/><circle cx=\"290\" cy=\"340\" r=\"14\" class=\"blue-fill white-stroke anim a-36_quote_suitability_flow-1\"\/><g><rect x=\"140\" y=\"380\" width=\"300\" height=\"320\" rx=\"24\" class=\"blue-soft-fill\"\/><text x=\"170\" y=\"430\" class=\"dim\">01<\/text><text x=\"170\" y=\"520\" class=\"label\">Idea<\/text><line x1=\"170\" y1=\"550\" x2=\"410\" y2=\"550\" class=\"hairline\"\/><text x=\"170\" y=\"595\" class=\"small\">dimensions and<\/text><text x=\"170\" y=\"625\" class=\"small\">initial sketch<\/text><\/g><g><rect x=\"480\" y=\"380\" width=\"300\" height=\"320\" rx=\"24\" class=\"blue-soft-fill\"\/><text x=\"510\" y=\"430\" class=\"dim\">02<\/text><text x=\"510\" y=\"520\" class=\"label\">Model<\/text><line x1=\"510\" y1=\"550\" x2=\"750\" y2=\"550\" class=\"hairline\"\/><text x=\"510\" y=\"595\" class=\"small\">3D model or<\/text><text x=\"510\" y=\"625\" class=\"small\">drawings<\/text><\/g><g><rect x=\"820\" y=\"380\" width=\"300\" height=\"320\" rx=\"24\" class=\"blue-soft-fill\"\/><text x=\"850\" y=\"430\" class=\"dim\">03<\/text><text x=\"850\" y=\"520\" class=\"label\">Check<\/text><line x1=\"850\" y1=\"550\" x2=\"1090\" y2=\"550\" class=\"hairline\"\/><text x=\"850\" y=\"595\" class=\"small\">printability and<\/text><text x=\"850\" y=\"625\" class=\"small\">work area review<\/text><\/g><g><rect x=\"1160\" y=\"380\" width=\"300\" height=\"320\" rx=\"24\" class=\"blue-fill\"\/><text x=\"1190\" y=\"430\" class=\"dim\" style=\"fill:#fff\">04<\/text><text x=\"1190\" y=\"520\" class=\"label\" style=\"fill:#fff\">Print<\/text><line x1=\"1190\" y1=\"550\" x2=\"1430\" y2=\"550\" style=\"stroke:#fff;stroke-opacity:.35;stroke-width:2\"\/><text x=\"1190\" y=\"595\" class=\"small\" style=\"fill:#fff\">production-ready<\/text><text x=\"1190\" y=\"625\" class=\"small\" style=\"fill:#fff\">solution<\/text><\/g>\r\n<\/svg><figcaption>From idea to quote request<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/section><section class=\"db-section\" id=\"db-15-is-your-idea-suitable\"><h2 data-nr=\"15\">Is your idea suitable for 3D concrete printing?<\/h2><p>Send Print Betoon a 3D model, drawing, photo or dimensioned sketch.<\/p><p>We check the object's printability, assess whether it fits the printer's work area, suggest changes where needed and prepare a production-ready model and toolpath.<\/p><\/section>\r\n\r\n  <button type=\"button\" class=\"db-top\" data-show=\"false\">&uarr; Back to top<\/button>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  var root = document.getElementById('db-guide');\r\n  if(!root || root.dataset.dbInit) return;\r\n  root.dataset.dbInit = '1';\r\n\r\n  var toc    = root.querySelector('#db-toc');\r\n  var links  = [].slice.call(root.querySelectorAll('.db-toc__link'));\r\n  var secs   = [].slice.call(root.querySelectorAll('.db-section'));\r\n  var topBtn = root.querySelector('.db-top');\r\n\r\n  function offset(){\r\n    var v = parseInt(getComputedStyle(root).getPropertyValue('--db-offset'),10);\r\n    return isNaN(v) ? 120 : v;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function goTo(el){\r\n    var y = el.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset - offset();\r\n    window.scrollTo({ top: y, behavior: 'smooth' });\r\n  }\r\n  links.forEach(function(a){\r\n    a.addEventListener('click', function(e){\r\n      var el = document.getElementById(a.getAttribute('href').slice(1));\r\n      if(!el) return;\r\n      e.preventDefault();\r\n      goTo(el);\r\n      if(history.replaceState) history.replaceState(null,'',a.getAttribute('href'));\r\n      if(window.matchMedia('(max-width:640px)').matches) setOpen(false);\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  function markActive(){\r\n    var y = window.pageYOffset + offset() + 8, cur = secs[0];\r\n    for(var i=0;i<secs.length;i++){ if(secs[i].offsetTop <= y) cur = secs[i]; }\r\n    links.forEach(function(a){\r\n      a.setAttribute('aria-current', a.getAttribute('href') === '#' + cur.id ? 'true' : 'false');\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  var btn = root.querySelector('.db-toc__toggle');\r\n  var btnTxt = root.querySelector('.db-toc__toggle-txt');\r\n  function setOpen(open){\r\n    toc.setAttribute('data-open', open ? 'true' : 'false');\r\n    btn.setAttribute('aria-expanded', open ? 'true' : 'false');\r\n    btnTxt.textContent = open ? 'Hide' : 'Show';\r\n  }\r\n  btn.addEventListener('click', function(){ setOpen(toc.getAttribute('data-open') !== 'true'); });\r\n  setOpen(!window.matchMedia('(max-width:640px)').matches);\r\n\r\n  topBtn.addEventListener('click', function(){ window.scrollTo({top:0,behavior:'smooth'}); });\r\n\r\n  var ticking = false;\r\n  function onScroll(){\r\n    if(ticking) return;\r\n    ticking = true;\r\n    requestAnimationFrame(function(){\r\n      markActive();\r\n      topBtn.setAttribute('data-show', window.pageYOffset > 600 ? 'true' : 'false');\r\n      ticking = false;\r\n    });\r\n  }\r\n  window.addEventListener('scroll', onScroll, {passive:true});\r\n  window.addEventListener('resize', markActive, {passive:true});\r\n  markActive();\r\n\r\n  \/* Mobiiliversioon joonistest: iga paneel eraldi SVG-na *\/\r\n  var MIN_SCALE = 0.62; \/\/ v\u00e4ikseim lubatud suurendus, alla selle muutub joonis libistatavaks\r\n  var PAD = 12;\r\n  root.querySelectorAll('.db-fig').forEach(function(fig){\r\n    var svg = fig.querySelector(':scope > svg.db-svg');\r\n    if(!svg || fig.querySelector('.db-fig__m')) return;\r\n    var panels = [].slice.call(svg.querySelectorAll('rect.panel'));\r\n    if(!panels.length) return;\r\n\r\n    var titleEl = svg.querySelector('title');\r\n    var title = titleEl ? titleEl.textContent : '';\r\n    var wrap = document.createElement('div');\r\n    wrap.className = 'db-fig__m';\r\n\r\n    panels.forEach(function(p){\r\n      var x = +p.getAttribute('x'), y = +p.getAttribute('y');\r\n      var w = +p.getAttribute('width'), h = +p.getAttribute('height');\r\n      var vbW = w + PAD*2, vbH = h + PAD*2;\r\n\r\n      var c = svg.cloneNode(true);\r\n      c.removeAttribute('data-file');\r\n      c.removeAttribute('aria-labelledby');\r\n      c.removeAttribute('width');\r\n      c.removeAttribute('height');\r\n      c.classList.remove('is-running');\r\n      [].forEach.call(c.querySelectorAll('[id]'), function(n){ n.removeAttribute('id'); });\r\n      c.setAttribute('viewBox', (x-PAD)+' '+(y-PAD)+' '+vbW+' '+vbH);\r\n      c.setAttribute('aria-label', title);\r\n\r\n      var minW = Math.round(vbW * MIN_SCALE);\r\n      c.style.minWidth = minW + 'px';\r\n\r\n      if(minW > 420){\r\n        var hint = document.createElement('p');\r\n        hint.className = 'db-fig__hint';\r\n        hint.textContent = 'Swipe sideways \u2192';\r\n        wrap.appendChild(hint);\r\n      }\r\n      var sc = document.createElement('div');\r\n      sc.className = 'db-fig__scroll';\r\n      sc.appendChild(c);\r\n      wrap.appendChild(sc);\r\n    });\r\n\r\n    svg.parentNode.insertBefore(wrap, svg.nextSibling);\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* Animatsioonid k\u00e4ivad ainult siis, kui joonis on n\u00e4htaval *\/\r\n  if(!matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches && 'IntersectionObserver' in window){\r\n    var io = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries){\r\n      entries.forEach(function(en){ en.target.classList.toggle('is-running', en.isIntersecting); });\r\n    }, {rootMargin:'120px 0px'});\r\n    root.querySelectorAll('.db-svg').forEach(function(s){ io.observe(s); });\r\n  }\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3D concrete printing guide 3D concrete printing makes it possible to produce free-form objects with a unique design without conventional [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2326","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>3D concrete printing design guide - Print Betoon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"3D concrete printing design guide: dimensions, slopes, toolpaths, corners and file formats. Design an object that can be printed and installed reliably.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"3D concrete printing design guide - Print Betoon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"3D concrete printing design guide: dimensions, slopes, toolpaths, corners and file formats. Design an object that can be printed and installed reliably.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Print Betoon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-09T08:34:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/printbetoon.com\\\/en\\\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/printbetoon.com\\\/en\\\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\\\/\",\"name\":\"3D concrete printing design guide - Print Betoon\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/printbetoon.com\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-29T07:52:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-09T08:34:15+00:00\",\"description\":\"3D concrete printing design guide: dimensions, slopes, toolpaths, corners and file formats. Design an object that can be printed and installed reliably.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/printbetoon.com\\\/en\\\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/printbetoon.com\\\/en\\\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/printbetoon.com\\\/en\\\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Avaleht\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/printbetoon.com\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"3D concrete printing design guide\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/printbetoon.com\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/printbetoon.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Disainbetoon\",\"description\":\"3D prinditud betoon\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/printbetoon.com\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"3D concrete printing design guide - Print Betoon","description":"3D concrete printing design guide: dimensions, slopes, toolpaths, corners and file formats. Design an object that can be printed and installed reliably.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"3D concrete printing design guide - Print Betoon","og_description":"3D concrete printing design guide: dimensions, slopes, toolpaths, corners and file formats. Design an object that can be printed and installed reliably.","og_url":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\/","og_site_name":"Print Betoon","article_modified_time":"2026-10-09T08:34:15+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\/","url":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\/","name":"3D concrete printing design guide - Print Betoon","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-07-29T07:52:21+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-09T08:34:15+00:00","description":"3D concrete printing design guide: dimensions, slopes, toolpaths, corners and file formats. Design an object that can be printed and installed reliably.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/3d-concrete-printing-design-guide\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Avaleht","item":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"3D concrete printing design guide"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/","name":"Disainbetoon","description":"3D prinditud betoon","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2326"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2327,"href":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2326\/revisions\/2327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/printbetoon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}